Study Russian Online

Sign in | Sign Up
Home page
Online Courses
Vocabulary
Grammar
Pronunciation
Reading
Hide menuShow menu
Home | Courses | Vocabulary | Grammar | Sounds & Letters

Plural forms of Russian nouns
(Nominative Plural)

Russian grammar -->Plural forms

In Russian, nouns distinguish singular and plural number. In general, plural froms of nouns are made by adding or changing the ending of the word. It should be noted that the grammatical number of nouns is a very complex question which is closely related to cases of nouns.

Moreover, there are a lot of particuliarities concerning plural forms of Russian which may require quite a lot of time and practice. So, to get started we are going to consider the most frequent rules to form the nominative plural so that you could get the general idea about the grammatical number in Russian.

Basic rules to form the Nominative Plural

Masculine nouns

1. Nouns ending in a consonant (hard stem nouns) (except -ж, -ч, -щ, -ш, and -к, -х, -г) add the ending -ы.

банан - бананы
театр - театры

2. Nouns ending in -ь and -й (soft stem nouns) change -ь and -й to -и:

музей - музеи
писатель - писатели

3. Nouns -ж, -ч, -щ, -ш, and -к, -х, -г add the ending -и:

диалог - диалоги
парк - парки
пляж - пляжи

Feminine nouns

1. Nouns ending in -а (except -жа, -чa, -ща, -ша, and -ка, -ха, -га) change -а to -ы:

улица - улицы
проблема - проблемы

2. Nouns ending in -я and in -ь, change -я and -ь, to -и:

станция - станции
вишня - вишни
дверь - двери

3. Nouns ending in -жа, -чa, -ща, -ша, and -ка, -ха, -га, change -а to -и:

книга - книги
открытка - открытки
роща (grove) - рощи

Neuter nouns

1. Nouns ending in -o change ending to -а:

окно - окна
кресло - кресла

2. Nouns ending in -е change ending to -я:

море - моря
здание - здания

Particular cases

There a lot of nouns with plural form that does not conform to above-mentioned rules. Below, we provide a few (most frequent) examples of such nouns:


1. A small number of Russian masculine nouns add the stressed ending -a/-я (instead of -ы/-и):

Some of the most common masculine nouns having the ending -a/-я in plural:

глаз - глаза
номер - номера
дом - дома
вечер - вечера
поезд - поезда
адрес - адреса
город - города
паспорт - паспорта
профессор - профессора
учитель - учителя

2. Several masculine nouns have the ending -ья in plural, with stem changes in some of them:

стул - стулья
брат - братья
друг - друзья
сын - сыновья
муж - мужья

3. Several neuter nouns form the nominative plural with -ья:

дерево - деревья
крыло - крылья
перо - перья

4. Some neuter nouns form the nominative plural with the ending -и. These are nouns колено, плечо, ухо, and nouns ending in -ко in nominative singular.

колено - колени
плечо - плечи
ухо - уши
яблоко - яблоки

5. Neuter nouns ending in -мя change the final -я to -ена:

имя - имена
время - времена

6. Feminine nouns дочь and мать have stem changes in plural:

мать - матери
дочь - дочери

See also

-Russian Cases
-Russian Nouns Declension
-Grammar exercises: Russian nouns number









©Study-Languages-Online.com | EN-FR | RU-EN | FR-RU | Contacts